Preliminary construction plans by the Washington Department of Highways had called for a set of 25-foot-deep (7.6 m) trusses to sit beneath the roadway and stiffen it. Washington State engineer Clark Eldridge produced a preliminary tried-and-true conventional suspension bridge design, and the Washington State Toll Bridge Authority requested $11 million (equivalent to $212 million today) from the federal Public Works Administration (PWA). Nonetheless, there was strong support for the bridge from the United States Navy, which operated the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in Bremerton, and from the United States Army, which ran McChord Field and Fort Lewis near Tacoma. įrom the start, financing of the bridge was a problem: Revenue from the proposed tolls would not be enough to cover construction costs another expense was buying out the ferry contract from a private firm running services on the Narrows at the time. In 1937, the Washington State legislature created the Washington State Toll Bridge Authority and appropriated $5,000 (equivalent to $96,000 today) to study the request by Tacoma and Pierce County for a bridge over the Narrows. At the 1938 meeting of the structural division of the American Society of Civil Engineers, during construction of the bridge, with its designer in the audience, Steinman predicted its failure. Steinman made several Chamber-funded visits and presented a preliminary proposal in 1929, but by 1931 the Chamber had canceled the agreement on the grounds that Steinman was not working hard enough to obtain financing. Steinman, later the designer of the Mackinac Bridge. Strauss, who went on to be chief engineer of the Golden Gate Bridge, and David B. Several noted bridge engineers were consulted, including Joseph B. ![]() The Tacoma Chamber of Commerce began campaigning and funding studies in 1923. Proposals for a bridge between Tacoma and the Kitsap Peninsula date at least to the Northern Pacific Railway's 1889 trestle proposal, but concerted efforts began in the mid-1920s. ( April 2015) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. This section needs additional citations for verification. The collapse boosted research into bridge aerodynamics- aeroelastics, which has influenced the designs of all later long-span bridges. ![]() In many physics textbooks, the event is presented as an example of elementary forced mechanical resonance, but it was more complicated in reality the bridge collapsed because moderate winds produced aeroelastic flutter that was self-exciting and unbounded: For any constant sustained wind speed above about 35 mph (56 km/h), the amplitude of the ( torsional) flutter oscillation would continuously increase, with a negative damping factor, i.e., a reinforcing effect, opposite to damping. The bridge's collapse had a lasting effect on science and engineering. The portion of the bridge that fell into the water now serves as an artificial reef. Efforts to replace the bridge were delayed by the United States' entry into World War II, but in 1950, a new Tacoma Narrows Bridge opened in the same location, using the original bridge's tower pedestals and cable anchorages. The portions of the bridge still standing after the collapse, including the towers and cables, were dismantled & sold as scrap metal. The bridge's main span finally collapsed in 40-mile-per-hour (64 km/h) winds on the morning of November 7, 1940, as the deck oscillated in an alternating twisting motion that gradually increased in amplitude until the deck tore apart. The motion continued after the bridge opened to the public, despite several damping measures. From the time the deck was built, it began to move vertically in windy conditions, so construction workers nicknamed the bridge Galloping Gertie. Throughout its short existence, it was the world's third-longest suspension bridge by main span, behind the Golden Gate Bridge and the George Washington Bridge.Ĭonstruction began in September 1938. ![]() The bridge's collapse has been described as "spectacular" and in subsequent decades "has attracted the attention of engineers, physicists, and mathematicians". It opened to traffic on July 1, 1940, and dramatically collapsed into Puget Sound on November 7 of the same year. state of Washington that spanned the Tacoma Narrows strait of Puget Sound between Tacoma and the Kitsap Peninsula. The 1940 Tacoma Narrows Bridge, the first bridge at this location, was a suspension bridge in the U.S.
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